Physical Properties of Cement

 

Physical Properties of Cement

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Following are the physical properties of Cement :

Ø  Fineness of Cement

Ø  Soundness

Ø  Consistency

Ø  Strength

Ø  Setting time

Ø  Heat of hydration

Ø  Loss of ignition

Ø  Bulk density

Ø  Specific gravity (Relative density)

Fineness of Cement

Fineness of cement is the property of cement which shows the particle size of cement and specific surface are. It is directly related to heat of hydration and it helps to gain cement strength. Fineness of good cement can be achieved through the grinding of clinker in cement manufacturing.

Fineness of cement is tested in two ways :
(a) By sieving
(b) By determination of specific surface

Soundness of Cement

Soundness of cement is the property that shows the ability of a hardened paste to retain its volume after setting. If cement is having lack of soundness it is called unsound which means there is a presence of excessive amount of hard-burned free lime or magnesia that means it is subjected to delayed destructive expansion.

This property can be derived by two tests :

(a)   Le Chatelier Test

(b)   Autoclave Test

Consistency of Cement

Consistency means the ability of cement paste to flow. It is measured by Vicat Test.

Strength of Cement

Three types of strength of cement are measured – Compressive, Tensile and Flextural. This property shows that strength the set cement has obtained.

Setting time of cement

Cement sets and hardens when water is added. This setting time can vary depending on multiple factors, such as fineness of cement, cement-water ratio, chemical content, and admixtures. Cement used in construction should have an initial setting time that is not too low and a final setting time not too high. 

Heat of Hydration

When water is added to cement, the reaction that takes place is called hydration. Hydration generates heat, which can affect the quality of the cement.

Loss of Ignition

The loss on ignition of a raw material, cement or a clinker sample is the amount of weight lost through raising the temperature of the material to a predetermined level. 

Bulk density

Cement has a different range of density depending on the cement composition percentage. When cement is mixed with water, the water replaces areas where there would normally be air. Because of that, the bulk density of cement is not very important. It is depends on the cement composition percentage.

Specific Gravity (Relative Density)

The specific gravity is normally defined as the ratio between the weight of a given volume of material and weight of an equal volume of water. 

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